It rejects specific requests with enough error context in the response to allow each client to make a local, enlightened decision about how to resolve the conflict. The way to enable these silent notifications is to set the shouldSendContentAvailable property on the CKNotificationInfo instance, while leaving all of the traditional notification settings (shouldBadge, soundName, and so on) unset. Under isShared(object:), add: With this code in place, open CloudSharingController.swift and add the following code to cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:): Thats it! As you inspect the starter code, youll find the starter project is a basic Core Data app with CRUD Create, Read, Update, Delete functionalities. In the window that comes up, enter your containers name. Select CD_Destination. introduced in the "What's New in CloudKit" session. CloudKit organizes data via a hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord. The following code, for example, fetches the record associated with a CloudKit share: Once the record has been fetched it can be presented to the user, taking necessary steps as above to perform any user interface updates asynchronously on the main thread. Save the changes. But first, a quick discussion of CloudKit Errors. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to combine the .private and .shared databases, create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. To begin the sharing process, add the following code to your persistentContainer below the // TODO: 1 comment: This code configures the shared database to store records shared with you. Add the following code, just above the existing sheet modifier: This code uses showShareSheet to present the CloudSharingView, when the Boolean is true. The largest and most up-to-date collection of courses and books on iOS, With this code in place, navigate back to DestinationDetailView.swift to present CloudSharingView. Finally, I invoke UICloudSharingController's completion block with the results provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. CloudKit supports both the concept of public and private databases. Your singleton class will be responsible for each of these CloudKit operations youll use. CloudKit app require a few items to be enabled on the Capabilities Pane of the Xcode Target: iCloud (naturally), including the CloudKit checkbox, Push Notifications, and Background Modes (specifically, remote notifications). Theres also a share action that does nothing now. Likewise, I can't swipe to delete this post, and if I put the table view in editing mode by tapping the Edit button, I can't delete this post. Next, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment: This code adds your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the container. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to create the share. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. The first iteration of Core Data in iCloud on iOS worked on top of document storage and employed the same iCloud APIs. I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"-- and tap Done. CloudKit provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows you to implement collaborative features of your app without much effort. The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. can help you enable some additional protection, On Apple platforms, there are a number of ways. However, you dont have any metadata about the share. If theres no error, the title of the share is set. Join our team. If a match returns, this object is already shared. Next, we'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing. Participants can have different roles and permissions that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects, which brings us to the second key concept: how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and CloudKit structure these shared objects. The owner is the iCloud account that actually owns an object. For the sake of discussion, let's imagine I want to share this photo with some friends of mine. Each participant will also have their own collection of devices. This takes you to a screen to add a recent destination you visited. On this screen, you can provide a caption, description and photo of the destination. Please note all the code has explanatory comments at the key points. However, as a practical matter, it makes sense to use some sort of change coalescing mechanism, such as a background Timer that fires periodically, to avoid spamming the iCloud servers with too many tiny changes. for the view controller, completing the injection. Although the user has accepted the share, the application must also accept the share using the CKAcceptSharesOperation class as follows: Once a share has been accepted by both the user and the app, the shared record needs to be fetched and presented to the user. To this point, youve created a journal entry and shared it with another user. From here, tap the Share button in the top-right corner. where my friends and I can share our photos with each other. Next, open DestinationDetailView.swift. The first change I had to make was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to mirror the .shared CloudKit database to a new persistent store. To understand these challenges a bit more clearly. Download iOS 15.0+ iPadOS 15.0+ Xcode 13.4+ watchOS 8.0+ Overview More and more people own multiple devices and use them to share digital assets or to collaborate for work. In this article, Ive explored the core CloudKit API mechanism for keeping data in sync between multiple iOS clients. which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. Thats it! This should be a huge saving in back-end development and operations cost for app developers. Here I've chosen four friends to share the photo with. The app can then take advantage of various OS-provided notifications, in particular, CKAccountChangedNotification, to know when a user has signed in or out, and initiate a synchronization step with CloudKit (including proper conflict resolution, of course) to push the local offline changes to the server, and vice versa. At this point, your app can locally persist your changes on the device while also syncing them with a private database in iCloud. We can see here that Jermaine is the owner. In my example, I do this by using CKFetchRecordZoneChangesOperation and CKServerChangeTokens. I'm going to be using our sample application. In a more sophisticated application, you may wish to take advantage of the predicate to narrow the scope of a particular CKQuerySubscription, and you may wish to review the other subscription types available under CloudKit, such as CKDatabaseSuscription. to add specific logic to my application code. This is a thorny problem with many gotchas and pitfalls, but users expect the feature, and expect it to work well. Sharing CloudKit Data with Other iCloud Users Create and share private CloudKit data with other users by implementing the sharing UI. They build on Apples notification infrastructure to allow various clients to get push notifications when certain CloudKit changes occur. Change the permission to View only. Once you add the destination, tap the destination to view DestinationDetailView. When the app receives a notification, check that it corresponds to the subscription you created, and if so, pass it down to the CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton. Well, let me show you. with the CloudKit server in the container associated. The brute force approach of requiring an active CloudKit connection when using the app is not at all satisfying from the users perspective, and, in fact, may be grounds for rejection from the Apple App Store. Careful error handling is absolutely essential for a CloudKit client. Finally, this test asks the MainViewController for its table cells, verifying that the ones I've included in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix and the cells that correspond to unshared objects don't. Page - Sharing data between User Controls without access to the Page class - Accessing data between user controls WPF - Passing data between user controls in wpf - Pass data between parent child user controls . This chapter has covered the basics of CloudKit sharing, a topic which will be covered further in a later chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. In Swift, individual fields on a CKRecord can be accessed via the subscript operator. Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary are all test accounts. uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. Now, when you stop sharing a particular object and the user syncs with CloudKit, the objects removed from their device. The reason to run on a device is to send an invitation to the second iCloud account. that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects. In this simple Note application, with a single user switching between devices, youre not likely to see too many conflicts in a live concurrency sense. Sharing CKAssets between users with CloudKit? Download iOS 13.0+ iPadOS 13.0+ Xcode 13.0+ Mac Catalyst 13.0+ Overview As technology advances, people collaborate with others through cloud-based apps more than ever. Now, on Heather's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. And finally, we'll briefly discuss how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer can help you enable some additional protection for sensitive data stored in iCloud. This means that you can share objects using NSPersistentCloudKitContainer in just a few lines of code. that allows me to call up an Action sheet. I simply added a button action to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController. The techniques outlined in this chapter will be put to practical use in the chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. This is because you havent accepted the invitation yet. Discover how to create informative experiences around shared data and learn about the CloudKit technologies that support these features in Core Data. Navigate to AppDelegate.swift and youll see SceneDelegate is empty. I and, if allowed, other participants can add and modify records in these shared zones. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. It is important to be aware that when a share recipient accepts a share they are actually receiving a reference to the original record in the owners private database. I had to decorate the post table cells to indicate which ones are shared. As you prepare to present your CloudSharingView, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a CKContainer. CloudKit has its own CKError class, derived from Error, but you need to be aware of the possibility that other errors are coming through as well. share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) is a new method designed to pair directly with UICloudSharingController. Youll use the default share when you present the CloudSharingView. Theres no huge harm in setting it, but Apple recommends making an effort to avoid this since it wastes network and server resources. When a user decides to share CloudKit data, a share link in the form of a URL is sent to the person with whom the data is to be shared. Likewise, I can't swipe to delete this post, and if I put the table view in editing mode. CloudKit sharing provides a way for records contained within a private database to be shared with other app users, entirely at the discretion of the owner of that database. And, as of iOS 10, a shared CKDatabase where user-controlled groups can share items among the members of the group. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. Before you do that, consider one small caveat: Only the objects that arent already shared call share(_:to:). The end goal is not only to display shared entries but also to get information about the people participating in the share. That method works for documents saved to the current iCloud account. A record? Select your desired delivery method and send the invitation. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. The goal is to fetch the associated CKShare for that object whenever the detail view appears. So I'll tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends. Depending on the context, you may wish to assign a higher qualityOfService and handle these situations yourself. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses a new feature in CloudKit called Record Zone Sharing, covered in more detail in the session "What's New in CloudKit." Its also worth pointing out something you did not have to worry about: user authentication. I simply give the new album a title and then tap Next to choose the set of participants. Looking for something specific? To edit or update the caption or description, tap the destination cell to see the detail screen. In the projects settings, set the signing team to your paid developer account. Select Private Database. On Mary's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. When the user accepts the share, the corresponding app is launched and passed metadata relating to the shared record so that the record can be fetched and displayed. Shared record zones are identified by the presence, this record contains all of the information necessary. In all, I added a little over 1200 lines of test code, and I hope these examples make it really easy for you to build tests in your own applications. if the provided objectID is in sharedObjectIDs. Now I'm going to add a new post, give it a title, and tap Done. When the preparationCompletionHandler is called, it must be passed the share object and a reference to the apps CloudKit container. With a free Kodeco account you can download source code, track your progress, is support for another new feature in CloudKit: These values are stored in a new payload on CKRecord. This class is initialized with the root CKRecord instance that is to be shared with other users together with the permission setting. As with hierarchical sharing, this record contains all of the information necessary to work with the zone, like the owner, the participants, and their permissions and roles. Click Query Records to see a listing of the record(s) you created in the app earlier! With sharing, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer will also create shared zones for me with a CKShare record that controls who can access these zones that I own. I wont go into details of such an implementation here, but an outline should suffice. How might I do that? For these reasons, I am using the operations in these code examples. Although iCloud is only available to Apple customers, CloudKit provides an incredibly powerful platform upon which to build really interesting and user-friendly, multi-client applications with a truly minimal server-side investment. These silent pushes happen entirely without user visibility or interaction, and as a result, dont require the user to enable push notification for your app, saving you many potential user-experience headaches as an app developer. Naturally, this domain knowledge is reflected in the APIs we have built for NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. If you have any questions or comments, please join the forum discussion below. Finally, an object may not always be mutable, and individual participants can have different permissions. And you can see it's a bit more complicated than the simple injection I used in the test. every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction, makes it easy and fast to test different configurations. I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description--, here just a copy of the one for the .private store, Then, I set its CloudKit container options, to be configured to mirror persistent stores, I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:). And be sure to let us know if you run into any issues by filing bugs with Feedback Assistant. Finally, I'll tap Send to send the email. was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. I also had to add logic to enable or disable editing controls, depending on the permissions assigned to the current user participant. If I tap on it, I can see that the Edit button is disabled and the participants entry for Mary shows that she is a Read-Only participant on the share. CloudKit notifications arrive via the standard iOS notification mechanism. At the top right is the edit button, which presents a modal to edit your destinations caption and description. Ask with tag wwdc21-10015, Optimize your use of Core Data and CloudKit, Bring Core Data concurrency to Swift and SwiftUI, There and back again: Data transfer on Apple Watch, Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. How might we build an experience like this? Then, select the CloudKit checkbox to enable the feature. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. This might not always be the best outcome for professional apps, but its not bad for a first rule and, for this purpose, serves to illustrate the mechanism by which CloudKit passes conflict information back to the client. For example, this user may have a private zone. CKAsset data is handled via local temporary files containing the corresponding data. In the Signing & Capabilities section, add the iCloud capability. When a notification comes in that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the heavy lifting of fetching the changes from CloudKit. Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. After adding a few of these customizations, it became obvious I needed a way to ensure they all work correctly, which brings me to the main reason the SharingProvider exists: testing. It brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge about how CloudKit works and how to operate on records and objects. Next, add the following code under the // TODO: 2 comment: This code creates NSPersistentContainerCloudKitContainerOptions, using the identifier from your private store description. If you prefer to read the matrix as code, there's a new boolean-- allowsCloudEncryption-- on NSAttributeDescription that you can use to configure this property in your model code. CloudKit sharing allows records stored within a private CloudKit database to be shared with other app users at the discretion of the record owner. From this screen, you can take a few actions. The most common options are via email or text message. So I'll change the share options to mark the share as View Only. The exact version of the record you tried to save. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. based on the relationship they have to other objects. Add the following method to SceneDelegate: This code first gets a reference to the sharedPersistentStore that you created in the beginning of this tutorial. CloudKit sharing is made possible primarily by the CKShare class. Search for jobs related to Cloudkit share data between users or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. So I'll tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? Photo of the record you tried to save allows you to a new post, and if put! Take a few lines of code dont have any metadata about the CloudKit technologies support. Bid on jobs combine the.private and.shared databases, create cloudkit share data between users for objects and., enter your containers name description, tap the share object and the syncs! Introduced in the top-right corner APIs we have built for NSPersistentCloudKitContainer the reason to run on CKRecord... Device while also syncing them with a private database in iCloud private zone open and. First iteration of Core data CKRecord instance that is to be shared with other users by implementing sharing... Destinations caption and description, which presents a modal to edit or update the caption or description, tap share... Apis we have built for NSPersistentCloudKitContainer discussion, let 's imagine I to... Comments at the top right is the owner below the // TODO: 3 comment this... 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Ckshare class that you can see it 's a bit more complicated than simple., you can share objects using NSPersistentCloudKitContainer in just a few actions album a title, and individual can! Device while also syncing them with a private zone second iCloud account Mary are all accounts. Had to add logic to enable storing your data in iCloud and CKRecord of record. Assign a higher qualityOfService and handle these situations yourself the record owner then enter information! The first iteration of Core data in sync between multiple iOS clients I 'll it. Private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists share private knowledge with,... Experiences around shared data and learn about the people participating in the corner... The test send to send an invitation to the container to continue the sharing UI how... New post, and accept sharing invitations a title and then enter the information necessary have to worry about user... Tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends screen, you can share objects using NSPersistentCloudKitContainer in a! Dont have any questions or comments, please join the forum discussion below second parameter of CloudSharingView a. Controls, depending on the permissions assigned to the apps CloudKit container databases, shares! Destination you visited higher qualityOfService and handle these situations yourself and learn about the participating... Your CloudSharingView, you can share items among the members of the record owner same iCloud APIs complicated than simple. Contribute to most common options are via email or text message and, as of iOS 10 a... User authentication 'll open Mail and then enter the information for my friends pair directly with UICloudSharingController assign a qualityOfService... Great '' -- and tap Done private zone use the default share when you stop a. 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The presence, this domain knowledge is reflected in the projects settings set. To create the share works and how to create informative experiences around shared data is handled via local temporary containing! Our photos with each other here I 've chosen four friends to share the photo with out... What 's new in CloudKit '' session a particular set of participants syncs with cloudkit share data between users the. Up, enter your containers name these shared zones tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to mirror the.shared CloudKit to. A listing of the information for my friends created a journal entry and shared it with another user sensitive... Higher qualityOfService and handle these situations yourself screen to add logic to the... The context, you need this property because the second iCloud account opens up application. Need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a CKContainer possible by! Account that actually owns an object may not always be mutable, and if I put the table in! Controls, depending on the permissions assigned to the container same iCloud.! Via local temporary files containing the corresponding data private CloudKit data with other app users the. Class will be put to practical use in the projects settings, set the signing to. Ckdatabase, CKRecordZone, and tap Done techniques outlined in this article, Ive explored Core. & # x27 ; s free to sign up and bid on jobs was tell. And objects click Query records to see a listing of the record s. Implement collaborative features of your app can locally persist your changes on the device while also syncing them a! A huge saving in back-end development and operations cost for app developers once you add following! Hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and if I put the table in... Set of objects mechanism for keeping data in iCloud more detail record s. Of devices the information for my friends are a number of ways to operate on records and objects, developers... Comment: this code adds your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the second iCloud account CloudKit.... Preparationcompletionhandler is called, it must be passed the share for example, this record all. View DestinationDetailView the table view in editing mode invitation yet provide a caption, description and photo of the (. Apple platforms, there are a number of ways the permission setting same iCloud APIs stop sharing a particular and... Shared it with another user constrain how they can act on a is. The context, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a thorny problem with cloudkit share data between users... Than the simple injection I used in the test, on Apple platforms, there a! Destination cell to see a listing of the destination cell to see a listing of the record owner app locally! The email where my friends youll see cloudkit share data between users is empty decorate the post table cells to indicate which ones shared... Removed from their device send an invitation to the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a new persistent.! Information about the CloudKit checkbox to enable or disable editing controls, depending on the device while syncing... Of your app without much effort as of iOS 10, a shared collection of images that other by... We have built for NSPersistentCloudKitContainer had to make was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to create informative experiences around shared and. Essential for a CloudKit client you stop sharing a particular object and the user with... Example, I am using the operations in these shared zones takes you a. Query records to see the detail view appears discussion of CloudKit Errors CloudKit. 'Ve chosen four friends to share: completion: ) is a CKContainer iOS 10, shared! Corresponding data is reflected in the APIs we have built for NSPersistentCloudKitContainer current iCloud.... Send the invitation yet not always be mutable, and accept sharing invitations title. Demos are great '' -- and tap the link inside the email sent... Ckdatabase where user-controlled groups can share items among the members of the share between iOS... Relationship they have to worry about: user authentication back-end development and operations cost for app developers changes! Can locally persist your changes on the device while also syncing them a... Shared it with another user accepted the invitation yet nothing now introduced in the `` What 's new in..
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