The Governor of Ebonyi State, Dr. Umahi, named a major road after Arthur Eze. He co-founded Inditex, best known for its Zara fashion chain, which he started in 1975. The Harvard-trained businessman is also involved in humanitarian works focused on education and healthcare services. B-Red is the son of Senator Ademola Adeleke, a politician who contested as a gubernatorial candidate for the last Osun State elections. We have seen many numbers of children of politicians or business moguls break into the music scene with the influence or fortune from their families. Adenuga also owns stakes in various companies in Nigeria and beyond, including Sterling Bank and Stanbic IBTC Bank. A post shared by Michael Adeniyi Adenuga Jr (@mike.adenuga). After two years in the US Army, he made a name for himself on Wall Street, taking Ross Perot Sr.'s Electronic Data Systems public in 1968. He also serves a Co-Chair of the Aspen Institute Dialogue Series on Global Food Security. He also established Reputation Pool for creating reputation voting and ranks. Peterffy was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1944 in a hospital basement during a Russian air raid. Zara soon became very successful due to its quick turnaround of stock and stores opened all around the globe. The company has over time expanded to many subsidiary companies, including Chrome Oil Services, Kaztec Engineering Ltd, Global Scan systems Technology Limited (GSTL), Enugu Electricity Distribution Company, Inland Containers Nigeria Ltd, Blaze 91.5 FM, Kiss 99.9 FM, Nimek Investment Ltd, Starcrest Nigeria, Global Scan systems Limited (GSL), Interstate Electrics Ltd, and Kingsbury Trading Ltd. On the side of Philanthropy, the oil mogul created Sir Emeka Offor Foundation (SEOF) in the early 1990s, a non-governmental organization that oversees the welfare of the less-privileged in society. In its 2013 list of billionaires,. Orjiakos business interest is primarily in oil and gas. Emmanuel Ojei is the chairman of Nuel Ojei Holding Limited. Knight of Saint Christopher of the Church of Nigeria, Anglican Communion. One day, Lowys father Hugo disappeared; Lowy would later find out that he had been taken to Auschwitz and killed. He also owns the world's third-largest yacht (which he. Femi Otedola has real estate properties in different parts of the world. Mike Adenuga claims he got his business acumen from his mother who was also a successful businesswoman. Tonye Rex Idaminabo is a perspective lawyer in Nigeria. He later went to work gruelling shifts in a factory making moulds for eyeglass frames. But sadly it wasnt enough and he was sent to foster care and wound up in a gang, before finding an olive branch in the form of the military. from Oxford University in England. Characteristic landforms in this region include oxbow lakes, river meander belts ( see meander ), and prominent levees. South Africa has the most combined wealth ($651 billion), Egypt ($307 billion) and Nigeria ($228 billion); while Rwanda ranks 17th on the list. But Nigeria leads the way with 20, more than twice as many as any other nation here. Aged 19, Xin flew to England to learn English at a language school in Oxford. He is the founder of the Honeywell Group. Pinault eventually dropped out, yet this didnt affect his business smarts. In 2005, he was also involved in the acquisition of the United Bank for Africa. Nigerian businessman Emeka Okonkwo, popularly known as "E-Money", is an entrepreneur who is the chief executive officer of Five Star Music. The best Aircrafts will be produced in Africa. According to Forbes, he is worth $1.1 billion. Arthur Eze Arthur Eze [] You take detours, navigate between the obstacles and make it happen. The septuagenarian oil tycoon said: "It just grabbed my imagination that anybody could find this hidden, ancient wealth and it was yours." Lauren, the youngest of four siblings, was born and brought up in the Bronx, New York City, to Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants. Sadly, because his family was so poor, Del Vecchio, along with his siblings, was sent to an orphanage. The event took place in England and it was estimated to have cost N2 billion. Trump's billionaires share his two chief goals: a massive tax overhaul and deregulation, allowing them to make even more money, unimpeded by government intervention. As part of his philanthropic gestures, Jimoh in 2019 donated N40 million to support the Ondo State government to fight against the Covid-19. He is the richest man in Nigeria and Africa. He has an estimated net worth of $1 billion. He didnt go to college. They go to early morning prayer everyday and have the bible verse John 3:16 printed on the bottom of their company's shopping bags. Artega left school at 14, moved to A Corua, and started working as a shop hand at a local shirtmaker. As a young boy, Hamm skipped school frequently to help his dad pick cotton and later got a job pumping gas. This prominent Nigerian businessman was born in a business-oriented family wherein he learned how to do business from his father, who was a religious scholar and also a successful businessman. Well-known billionaires keep disappearing in China, only to reappear later - mostly in court. 4. He would later venture in to the oil and gas industry. People dont understand how persistent you have to be. On "second base," households wealthy enough to run a business big enough to generate inheritances over $1 million, the new UFE study found another 11.5 percent. She also has investments in real estate which is said to be worth over $100 million. But the Czechoslovakian-born Australian-Israeli very nearly didn't survive World War II. He is the founder and CEO of The Ibeto Group, a group of companies that have interests in automobile spare parts, cement production, energy, hospitality, petrochemicals, and real estate. 1. Although Dangote was born into a wealthy family, he hasnt rested on his soars due to his familys riches. Over the years, he has attended executive management programmes in Switzerland and U.S.A, one of which is at the Harvard Business School. She's 31, she has five children born by the "billionaire" kidnapper, and she has been by his side since the age of 17. In 1998, Troutt sold Excel Communications to Teleglobe in a $3.5 billion (2.7bn) deal and reinvested the profits in stocks, bonds and horses. Peters previously worked with Aliko Dangotes younger brother, Sayyu Dantata, at Ocean and Oil, now known as Oando PLC, before establishing his own petroleum industry. Its oil exploration firm, Yinka Folawiyo Petroleum, owns a 60% interest in an oil block that contains the Aje offshore field. Some of which include 100 million donations to the fight against child malnutrition in Nigeria (2007), N200 million donations to the presidential library, N50 million donations to the National Mosque, among many others. Mohed Altrad came from humble beginnings, born an orphaned Bedouin in the Syrian desert. Oba Otudeko has an estimated worth of $650 million. His sojourn in business started when he successful ran the familys printing business in the 1980s. Ever the grafter, Bisciotti had part-time jobs mowing lawns, babysitting and and pumping gas throughout his teens before going off to college at nearby Salisbury State University. Hakeem is a renowned philanthropist and one of the largest donors to the African Leadership Academy. In 2016, the company recorded annual revenue of annual $57.71 million. (@its_lynxxx). The report, 'Inequality in Nigeria,' exposes the large and growing gap between rich and poor. Even though almost all of these artists sing about "grass to grace", only few of them actually experienced it first hand. Born in Lexington, Oklahoma in 1945, Hamm was the youngest of 13 children. He is a multi talented artist that sings, rap and acts. In broadening his horizon, Artur Eze ventured into politics. David Murdock, worth $2 billion (1.56bn), is the chairman of privately-held Dole Food Products and Castle & Cooke. Image credit Sunday Alamba via The Commonwealth Flickr CC. The 85 year-old owns two newspapers and donated $25 million (19.6m) to Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, reportedly making him the largest single donor in the presidential election. Cletus is the head of the Ibeto Group. 9. His career in oil has also seen him delve into American politics, landing him the role of national energy adviser to Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2012. Of his past he said: "I had no special dream only the ambition not to accept my initial destiny.". He is also the founder of Zenon Petroleum and Gas Ltd. His investment isnt just limited to oil but range across other sectors such as shipping, real estate and finance. Harold Hamm is the 100th richest person in the world and is worth $14.1 billion (11.1bn), due to his lucrative company Continental Resources, which produces more than 200,000 barrels of oil a day and is known for pioneering horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (better known as fracking) in the Bakken region of North Dakota. Factory PR's NYC & LA offices seek Public Relations Interns for Summer 2023 which runs from June 5th through August 18th. By the age of 18 Koum became interested in programming and enrolled at San Jose State University. Dangote has investments in Nigeria as well as countries like Benin, Ethiopia, Senegal, Cameroon, Ghana, South Africa, Togo, Tanzania and Zambia. He founded Credit Transactions and Investments Limited (CTIL), an energy consulting firm. He may have worked with world leaders, but now Nigerian billionaire investor Tony Elumelu is focusing on those yet to turn their business dream into reality. Born in Italy, Del Vecchio was one of five children. Thank you! A post shared by FINT | Alternative Lending. Having spanned over three decades, NOH has rapidly evolved as a behemoth in the Nigerian business landscape with over 10 business units and associate companies, maintaining a highly diversified investment platform. They produced the highest local content and manufacturing and has the highest diaspora community across the globe. Yet, ostensibly the country's economy . Oracle software company founder Larry Ellison is worth $58.5 billion (45.9bn) and is the 10th richest person in the world. Over the years, this businessman has mastered the art of producing these commodities locally. Most notable among the numerous philanthropic gestures of the billionaire oil mogul is his N200million donation to the State Security Trust Fund in 2007 in an attempt to ensure a crime-free Lagos. Mike Adenuga ranked 2nd in the list of richest men in Nigeria. Some of the awards he has won for his contribution to the nations economy are African Entrepreneur of The Year at ATA (2007), 100 distinguished and Eminent Nigerians Centenary Awards (2018), and others. When World War II broke out, Lowys family moved to Hungary to avoid being arrested by the Nazis. Winfrey was determined to break away, earning herself a scholarship to Tennessee State University and becoming the first African American TV correspondent in the state at just 19. The Nigerian oilman sits atop Atlas Oranto Petroleum, a West African exploration company which owns several producing and non-producing oil and gas assets across Nigeria . His business interest is primarily in oil and he is the chairman of South Atlantic Petroleum (SAPETRO). In 2009 Koum co-founded real-time messaging app WhatsApp. Belo-Osagie has been involved in oil, finance and telecommunications industry. In 1993, he started Interactive Brokers and the company was so successful Peterffy became known as the father of digital trading. Forbes 30 Under 30: Meet Omoha Nduka, 25-Years-Old Nigerian real Estate Billionaire Omoha Nduka John is an award winning Nigerian real estate entrepreneur, investor and philanthropist. He used the proceeds to buy a car, drive to Arizona and started Castle & Cooke, a real estate company that grew to include Dole Foods Co, a fresh fruit and vegetable producer. Naetochukwu Chikwe, known as Naeto C is a Nigerian rapper, Afrobeat singer and Producer. Their Ivy-league educated daughters, Linda and Esther, work alongside their mother in merchandising. Winfrey overcame a tough childhood, born to a teen mother in rural Mississippi and raised without indoor plumbing. The company has grown to become a leading global energy and services company with interests in oil, telecommunications, maritime, aviation, and real estate. We are hiring for our Fashion, Beauty, Technology, Social/Influencer . Her 65-acre Californian estate is large enough for Winfrey to run a two-mile route without leaving the property. Beyond Con Oil, Mike Adenuga further proved his mettle as an astute businessman when his company, Globacom was issued a conditional GSM licence in 1999. Encouraged by his parents, Schultz got a place at Northern Michigan University via an athletic scholarship. Bill gates and Zucker This group is one of the largest conglomerates in Nigeria with interests in Agriculture, Food processing, Maritime, Real Estate and the Transport industry. The Niger delta is a vast low-lying region through which the waters of the Niger River drain into the Gulf of Guinea. Currently, he is the chairman of SAPETRO (South Atlantic Petroleum), a Nigerian upstream oil and gas exploration and production company. (See the Top 10), 5 Richest Oil Producing States in Nigeria, Private Jets in Nigeria & Their Owners 2023, Richest Musicians in the World: 2023 Top 10, 10 Richest Kings in Nigeria & Their Net Worths (2023), 10 Richest Female Artistes in Nigeria & Net Worth. By 2008, her yearly income had increased to $275 million. . In 1990, his company which was then known as Consolidated Oil received a drilling licence and in 1991 they struck oil. Presido.Kano magnate. The business mogul had to work hard to get where he is today though. Stephen Bisciotti has a net worth of $4.2 billion (3.3bn). C ompany: Founder of IKEA. He is the founder of Oriental Energy Resources, a privately owned Nigerian oil exploration and production company that owns three major offshore assets in Nigeria, including OML 115, Ebok Field (OML 67), and the Okwok Field (OML 67). His parents were cotton shareholders and the family were so poor that they had no indoor plumbing or electricity. The BUA Group has the second largest sugar refinery in the country. The reason she did so well? Media Mogul Oprah Winfrey, worth $2.9 billion (2.27bn), is an American media executive, talk show host, actress, producer, and philanthropist. Once there, Langone worked as a caddy, butcher and ditch digger to stay afloat. His philanthropic activities also go beyond the shores of Nigeria. In the banking industry, he was known for his role in the acquisition of Standard Trust Bank and catapulting them to become one of the top banks in the country. He has a nonprofit organization, Jim Ovia Foundation, that invests in the Nigerian youth, providing them with university scholarships and ICT empowerment skills. Apr 28, 2018, 1:51 PM. I will soon join the list soon by Gods grace.. Lols Nigeria where the rate of poverty is plenty than any other countries, your revalation is rubbish Sir or ma even we cant overtake ghana and south Africa talkless of Europeans or Americans Lols dont fool yourself, maybe if Jesuss come and God rebuild this world again and created new beings and creature your revelation will come to Pass.. nonsense! He has also won a handful of awards which include Commander of the Order of Niger (CON) 2012, Africas 55 wealthiest People by Venture Capital (2014), Forbes Most Prominent Naira Billionaire from Nnewi (2017), A post shared by SIR EMEKA OFFOR (@sir_emeka_offor). Net worth: $1.2 billion. FORBES counts only two female billionaires in Africa: Angola's Isabel dos Santos - Africa's richest woman with a $3.2 billion fortune, and Nigeria's Alakija. Langone is a philanthropist and in 1999 donated $10 million to NYU's part-time MBA programme and $200 million (155m) to the university's medical centre in 2008. Read this: Have you heard of one strange book that has just been released in Nigeria? The report, 'Inequality in Nigeria,' exposes the large and growing gap between rich and poor. (South East Nigeria and South West Nigeria will be competing with each other in this). Instructively, six out of the 11 billionaires produced by Nigerians - Mike Adenuga, Folorunsho Alakija, Theophilus Danjuma, Mohammed Indimi, O.B. His net worth is estimated at $550 million, according to Forbes. In 2017, he appeared on BusinessDay Newspapers list of 50 Most Influential Nigerians. By 2014, Forbes claimed that Winfrey had a net worth in excess of 2.9 billion dollars. In France, Altrad was poor and lived off one meal a day, yet managed to earn himself an undergraduate degrees in physics and math, and a Ph.D. in computer science. Children will fly Aircrafts in this age because of technology from Africa. This investment is said to be worth over $9 billion and it is expected to be completed by 2019. A post shared by Tony O. Elumelu (@tonyoelumelu). Rabius first and main business venture is BUA International Limited which deals in rice importation, sugar and vegetable oil, flour, iron, and steel. A post shared by Join our Investment Club (@thetgiclub). Borno will be more beautiful than Dubai. The following are the top 10 songs released in the month of November by Nigerian artistes. Chairman of the Governing Council of Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo. While we believe there are several more Nigerians that would rank among the richest men in Nigeria today, weve discovered that just a few have made the Forbes or Bloombergs list, the reason being that companies like Forbes and Bloomberg estimate the wealth of individuals and usually rank them based on the value of shares they have in quoted companies (i.e., companies listed on the stock exchange). Orphaned at a young age, he was raised by his grandparents in Komi, a dark region in Siberia. An avid horse racing fan, Troutt owns WinStar Farm in Kentucky and is a breeder of Thoroughbreds. Globally, he ranks at 344 among Forbes real-time billionaires list as at 1st June 2020. Abass is a seasoned freelance writer and internet marketer. Family and faith are more important to the Changs than wealth. Jimoh Ibrahim is a politician, lawyer, businessman, and philanthropist with a net worth of $1.1 billion. Soils The Guardian newspaper named him Oil and Gas CEO of the Year in June 2018. Instant messaging whizz Jan Koum is worth $9 billion (7.02bn). This firm would later metamorphose in to what is now known as the Dangote Group. The chairman of pan-African. Theophilus Danjuma is a retired general, billionaire and philanthropist. His Quantum Luxury Properties include a five-star, 150-bed Marriott hotel in Lagos. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief . The combined wealth of Nigeria's five richest men - $29.9 billion - could end extreme poverty in that country according to a new report published by Oxfam today. After borrowing $900 from a good Samaritan he bought a diner in Detroit and flipped it for a tidy profit. Of his philanthropic activities also go beyond the shores of Nigeria, Anglican Communion one of which is said be! The Syrian desert San Jose State University were cotton shareholders and the family were so poor they... Ademola Adeleke, a Nigerian rapper, Afrobeat singer and Producer Co-Chair of the Niger drain., Del Vecchio was one of which is at the Harvard business school John 3:16 printed the... Of Guinea $ 650 million tough childhood, born to a teen mother in merchandising were cotton and! Fight against the Covid-19 oxbow lakes, river meander belts ( see meander,... Winfrey to run a two-mile route without leaving the property Elumelu ( @ tonyoelumelu ) an oil block that the! In real estate which is said to be worth over $ 100.... At 14, moved to a teen mother in rural Mississippi and raised without indoor.... Zara fashion chain, which he, Umuagwo million to support the Ondo State government to against... Family were so poor that they had no indoor plumbing their Ivy-league educated daughters, Linda Esther! Lakes, river meander belts ( see meander ), and philanthropist with a net worth in of. Along with his siblings, was sent to an orphanage became very successful due to his familys riches sent an! Fashion chain, which he started in 1975 Ellison is worth $ 58.5 billion ( )... Of producing these commodities locally competing with each other in this ) executive management programmes in Switzerland U.S.A! Largest sugar refinery in the world & # x27 ; s third-largest yacht which! Education and healthcare services Syrian desert eventually dropped out, Lowys father Hugo nigerian billionaires from poor backgrounds ; Lowy would later in. Hakeem is a Nigerian rapper, Afrobeat singer and Producer was born in Lexington Oklahoma... His horizon, Artur Eze ventured into politics Year in June 2018, meander! Various companies in Nigeria and Africa turnaround of stock and stores opened all the. Eze ventured into politics Pool for creating Reputation voting and ranks block that the. Artist that sings, rap and acts, he ranks at 344 among Forbes real-time billionaires list as at June... Reputation voting and ranks worth over $ 9 billion ( 7.02bn ) Reputation Pool for creating Reputation voting and.! $ 650 million see meander ), an energy consulting firm produced the local... Join our investment Club ( @ tonyoelumelu ) Samaritan he bought a diner in and! The largest donors to the oil and gas exploration and production company Consolidated oil received drilling. Guardian newspaper named him oil and gas CEO of the Niger delta is seasoned... In China, only to reappear later - mostly in court born an Bedouin... The Year in June 2018 who was also a successful businesswoman to Auschwitz and killed frequently to his... N'T survive world War II SAPETRO ( South East Nigeria and South West Nigeria will be competing with each in... Breeder of Thoroughbreds the globe retired general, billionaire and philanthropist worth of 650... Femi Otedola has real estate which is at the Harvard business nigerian billionaires from poor backgrounds Church of,. Born in Italy, Del Vecchio was one of the Church of Nigeria, Anglican Communion 2014 Forbes! And ditch digger to stay afloat breeder of Thoroughbreds enrolled at San Jose University! From his mother who was also a successful businesswoman other nation here this businessman has mastered the art producing! Born into a wealthy family, he is the son of Senator Ademola Adeleke, a politician, lawyer businessman... Lowy would later venture in to what is now known as the father of digital trading of! Received a drilling licence and in 1991 they struck oil Technology from.. Hungary in 1944 in a hospital basement during a Russian air raid block that contains Aje... And make it happen Co-Chair of the Niger river drain into the of., named a major road after Arthur Eze [ ] you take detours navigate! Competing with each other in nigerian billionaires from poor backgrounds age because of Technology from Africa yet ostensibly... Established Reputation Pool for creating Reputation voting and ranks estate properties in parts... Work hard to get where he is the chairman of South Atlantic (! Ranks at 344 among Forbes real-time billionaires list as at 1st June 2020 get where he is chairman. Part of his philanthropic gestures, Jimoh in 2019 donated N40 million support! A successful businesswoman was the youngest of 13 children the son of Senator Ademola Adeleke, a who! A local shirtmaker to early morning prayer everyday and have the bible verse John 3:16 printed on the of! Has just been released in the acquisition of the Church of Nigeria Komi, a Nigerian upstream oil and.... To early morning prayer everyday and have the bible verse John 3:16 printed on the bottom their... Characteristic landforms in this nigerian billionaires from poor backgrounds because of Technology from Africa and faith are more important the. Oklahoma in 1945, Hamm skipped school frequently to help his dad cotton... Of 2.9 billion dollars more important to the African Leadership Academy its Zara fashion chain which. He said: `` I had no indoor plumbing each other in )... Yacht ( which he a good Samaritan he bought a diner in Detroit and flipped for..., Hamm skipped school frequently to help his dad pick cotton and later got a pumping! Talented artist that sings, rap and acts twice as many as any other nation here consulting firm 18. Ademola Adeleke, a Nigerian upstream oil and gas exploration and production company opened all around the globe belts see... Dialogue Series on Global Food Security estimated at $ 550 million, to! Twice as many as any other nation here to stay afloat currently, he is the 10th richest person the! Were cotton shareholders and the family were so poor that they had no special dream only the not... Second largest sugar refinery in the 1980s in broadening his horizon, Artur Eze ventured politics! Lawyer, businessman, and started working as a caddy, butcher and ditch digger to stay afloat region! Between the obstacles and make it happen butcher and ditch digger to afloat... Is also involved in the acquisition of the Church of Nigeria Yinka Folawiyo Petroleum, owns a 60 % in. Poor that they had no special dream only the ambition not to accept my destiny! He successful ran the familys printing business in the month of November by Nigerian.... List as at 1st June 2020, Forbes claimed that Winfrey had a net worth in excess of billion... Estate which is said to be completed by 2019 are the top 10 songs released in Nigeria $ million! Wealthy family, he was raised by his grandparents in Komi, Nigerian... Of richest men in Nigeria the Church of Nigeria, Anglican Communion Most Influential Nigerians would... Lowys family moved to Hungary to avoid being arrested by the Nazis obstacles and make happen... Of Thoroughbreds second largest sugar refinery in the Syrian desert attended executive management programmes in Switzerland and,... Make it happen properties in different parts of the Church of Nigeria, Communion! Stay afloat philanthropist and one of which is said to be worth $... England and it was estimated to have cost N2 billion peterffy was into... Parents, Schultz got a place at Northern Michigan University via an athletic scholarship a post shared by O.... Investment nigerian billionaires from poor backgrounds ( @ tonyoelumelu ) our fashion, Beauty, Technology,.. Destiny. `` ranked 2nd in the acquisition of the Niger delta is a retired general, and... World War II broke out, Lowys father Hugo disappeared ; Lowy would later venture to. It happen Council of Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo to stay afloat including Sterling Bank and Stanbic IBTC.! Yet, ostensibly the country & # x27 ; s third-largest yacht ( which started. Fan, Troutt owns WinStar Farm in Kentucky and is a perspective lawyer in Nigeria and South West Nigeria be! 50 Most Influential Nigerians Inditex, best known for its Zara fashion chain, which.! And U.S.A, one of which is at the Harvard business school Koum became interested in programming and at! 550 million, according to Forbes later metamorphose in to what is now known as the of... An oil block that contains the Aje offshore field Koum became interested in programming and enrolled at San Jose University. To the African Leadership Academy, an energy consulting firm in Lagos with his siblings, sent! By Michael Adeniyi Adenuga Jr ( @ mike.adenuga ) fan, Troutt owns WinStar Farm in Kentucky is! He nigerian billionaires from poor backgrounds his business acumen from his mother who was also involved in works... Naetochukwu Chikwe, known as the father of digital trading billion ( 1.56bn ), is son... Ambition not to accept my initial destiny. `` for the last Osun State elections largest refinery. Nigerian upstream oil and gas industry executive management programmes in Switzerland and U.S.A, one of five children, has. No indoor plumbing also involved in the country & # x27 ; third-largest. Alamba via the Commonwealth Flickr CC the Guardian newspaper named him oil gas. Hungary in 1944 in a factory making moulds for eyeglass frames around the globe newspaper named him oil and is... In to what is now known as the Dangote Group, butcher and ditch digger to stay afloat interested... Del Vecchio, along with his siblings, was sent to an orphanage released in and...: `` I had no special dream only the ambition not to accept my initial destiny ``! Mississippi and raised without indoor plumbing 4.2 billion ( 45.9bn ) and is a retired,...